Q3. Operator Overloading in C++

Question:
Write program to demonstrate use of operator overloading.

My Approach

Operator overloading ka use tab hota hai jab hum C++ ke operators (like +, -, ==, etc.) ko apne custom class objects ke liye redefine karna chahte hain.
Maine yaha ek real-time example liya hai: Complex Numbers Addition and Comparison.

Isme hum do complex numbers ka addition aur unka equality check == operator ke through karenge.

Program Code

File Name: operator_overloading.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class Complex {
private:
    float real, imag;
 
public:
    // Constructor
    Complex(float r = 0, float i = 0) {
        real = r;
        imag = i;
    }
 
    // Overload + operator for addition
    Complex operator+(const Complex &c) {
        return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
    }
 
    // Overload == operator for comparison
    bool operator==(const Complex &c) {
        return (real == c.real && imag == c.imag);
    }
 
    // Display function
    void display() {
        cout << real << " + " << imag << "i" << endl;
    }
};
 
int main() {
    Complex c1(3, 2), c2(1, 7), c3;
 
    cout << "Complex Number 1: ";
    c1.display();
 
    cout << "Complex Number 2: ";
    c2.display();
 
    // Using overloaded + operator
    c3 = c1 + c2;
    cout << "Result of Addition: ";
    c3.display();
 
    // Using overloaded == operator
    if (c1 == c2) {
        cout << "Both complex numbers are equal." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Complex numbers are not equal." << endl;
    }
 
    return 0;
}

Sample Input / Output

Output:

Complex Number 1: 3 + 2i
Complex Number 2: 1 + 7i
Result of Addition: 4 + 9i
Complex numbers are not equal.

Explanation

1. operator+ overload kiya gaya taaki do Complex objects ko directly + se add kiya ja sake.
2. operator== overload kiya gaya jo check karta hai ki dono complex numbers equal hai ya nahi.
3. Ye program show karta hai ki operators ko objects ke liye customize karna possible hai.

Real Time Relevance

• Operator Overloading ka use real-world applications jaise Matrix operations, Complex numbers, Fractions, Vectors, Strings me hota hai.
• Ye code readability aur usability ko improve karta hai, jaise a+b instead of a.add(b).

Conclusion

Is program me humne dekha ki kaise operator overloading ke through custom objects (Complex Numbers) ke liye operators redefine kiye ja sakte hain.
Mujhe personally lagta hai ki jab bhi mathematical ya custom classes banani ho, operator overloading ek practical aur powerful concept hai.

Submitted by:
Intesab Ansari
MCA Student, NMU University
Portfolio: intesab.live